ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the application of prevention technique for mother‐to‐child transmission of human immunode‐ficiency virus(HIV) in Laibin City .Methods Prevention techniques for mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV were applicated in the city .Women in pregnancy test received acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) counseling and test at the same time .Measures were taken to prevent the mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV for women who confirmed HIV positive ,including the use of antiret‐roviral drugs ,safety midwifery and feeding guidance ,and so on .Results The average HIV counseling and testing rate was 99 .1%(176 001/177 738) for the past 5 years .269 cases were HIV positive ,and the positive rate was 0 .15% (269/176 001) .Via health advisory guidance ,pregnant women diagnosed with AIDS understood the dangers of AIDS and the mode of its transmission ,and then free to chose weather to have the pregnancy terminated .Finally ,there were 67 pregnant women chose to terminate the preg‐nancy ,and 202 women decided to have children who were included in the prevention management system of mother‐to‐child trans‐mission .202 infants were born alive ,192 of which took full amount of antiretroviral drugs .The medication rate was 95 .05% (192/202) .42 d and 3 months after birth ,early diagnosis of HIV/AIDS was performed for the infants ,the positive rate of HIV was 0 .50% (1/202) .There were 118 infants at least 18‐months‐old who had underwent HIV test and no positive case was detected . Conclusion AIDS counseling tests in pregnancy test women is necessary ,which could detect HIV positive women .Comprehensive measures are effective methods for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission .
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore disinfection efficacy of anerdian using swab and spray disinfection methods.Methods Hands of 30 subjects were randomly divided into the swab group and the spray group.The samples of before and after disinfection in each group were collected separately and observed their disinfection effect.Results The number of bacteria showed no significant difference between the two groups.The passing rate of disinfection reached 100％.The time of disinfection in the spray group was (2.58±0.32)s,significantly less than that in the swab group,(12.26±1.48)s,however,the drying time in the spray group was (42.37±1.79)s,significant longer than that in the swab group,(26.24±1.46)s.A subject hand disinfection used 0.5ml 0.2％ anerdian in the spray group,and 0.75ml 0.2％ anerdian and two cotton buds was used in the swab group.Conclusions There is identical disinfection efficacy between spray and swab methods.Spray disinfection method has short operating time,less use of disinfectant without using cotton buds,it is able to replace swab disinfection and will play an important role to reduce medical waste and health care costs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To improve the diagnosis and management of closed renal trauma,and to reduce the rate of nephrectomy. Methods A total of 189 cases (146 men and 43 women; mean age,38 years) of closed renal trauma were retrospectively studied. A variety of examinations, including urinary analysis, B-ultrasonography, intravenous urography( IVU) and CT,were used for the diagnosis in these patients. Among them,closed renal trauma was accompanied by celiac viscera injury in 27 cases,by encephalic injury in 5, by fractures of spine and limbs in 13,and by compound trauma and shock in 3. Of the 189 cases, 156 were treated with conservative therapy, including 3 of spleen rupture,2 of encephalic injury,7 of fracture of spine and limbs;27 cases were treated with operation, including 15 with kidney repair,5 with partial nephrectomy, 7 with nephrectomy;3 cases were treated with selective renal artery embolization. Results Three patients with severe closed renal trauma died of compound trauma and shock soon after admission,and the other 186 patients recovered. Of them, 102 cases were followed up from 3 months to 8 years. Among patients undergoing conservative treatment renal hypertension occurred in 3 cases, urinoma in 1 , kidney atrophy in 1 and local hydronephrosis in 1. In patients undergoing surgery or selective kidney artery embolization, no subsequent complication occurred. Conclusions CT scan can provide a major basis for the diagnosis and treatment choice as well as early detection of urinoma of closed renal trauma. For closed renal trauma below grade IV ,conservative treatment is the better option.